Camilla Jessen
Rising tensions in the Middle East have sparked anxiety far beyond the region.
As conflict escalates, many Americans are asking whether a military draft could be reinstated.
Fears have grown following reports of U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran on February 28, an operation that reportedly killed Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. Iran has said hundreds were killed in the initial attacks and has since launched retaliatory strikes targeting U.S. interests in the region.
According to the Council on Foreign Relations, around 40,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed across the Middle East, including at bases and aboard naval vessels. Data from Statista shows there were 449,344 active-duty members of the U.S. armed forces in 2023.
Six U.S. service members have reportedly died following retaliatory attacks on American sites.
What is selective service?
The United States operates the Selective Service System, which requires certain individuals to register in case a draft is reinstated.
Under federal law, all “male persons” living in the U.S., including citizens and immigrants, must register within 30 days of turning 18. The requirement applies until age 25.
Although registration is mandatory, the U.S. has not held an active draft since 1973.
Who is exempt?
Some groups are exempt from registering, including those on active duty in the armed forces, certain individuals with disabilities and people who are incarcerated.
Conscientious objectors are still required to register, as are those who served on active duty but were discharged before turning 26.
Failing to register is considered a felony offense, though there have been no recent prosecutions for noncompliance. Once a person turns 26, they are no longer required to register if they previously failed to do so.
What happens in a draft?
If Congress and the president authorize a draft, those selected could be assigned to a range of roles. Military service does not necessarily mean deployment to combat, as personnel may be placed in support positions.
Current law applies only to men. Women are not required, and are not permitted, to register under existing Selective Service rules, according to Military.com.
Sources: Council on Foreign Relations, Statista, Military.com
